A. Structure et innervation du prépuce

B. Développement normal du prépuce

C.1. Phimosis: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

C.2. Phimosis: traitements conservateurs chirurgicaux (non excisionnels)

D. Paraphimosis: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

E. Séparation des «adhérences» préputiales; étirements du prépuce

F. Balanite: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

G. BXO, balanitis xerotica obliterans (également connu sous les noms de lichen sclerosus, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, et sclerosus lichen atrophicus)

A. Structure et innervation du prépuce

• Pardi F. I corpuscoli di Pacini negl’involucri del pene. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 1900;11(8):249-261.
   
• Bazett HC, McGlone B, Williams RG, Lufkin HM. Sensation: I. Depth, distribution and probable identification in the prepuce of sensory end-organs concerned in sensations of temperature and touch; thermometric conductivity. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1932;27(3):489-517.
   
• Lambertini G. Documentazioni microfotografiche, dati micrometrici e considerazioni sui corpuscoli del senso genitale dell’uomo. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 1934;45(9)247-255.
   
• Lambertini G. Osservazioni istologiche sui corpuscoli nervosi nei genitali maschili dei bambibi al decimo anno di età. Bollettino della Società Italiana de Biologia Sperimantale 1934;9(11):1294-1297.
   
• Morandi G. Aspetti dei corpuscoli genitali umani e delle clave di Krause accordantisi con la dottrina dei Ruffini sul circuito chiuso. Bollettino della Società Italiana de Biologia Sperimantale 1936;11(5):307-309.
   
• Winkelmann RK. The cutaneous innervation of human newborn prepuce. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1956;26(1):53-67.
   
• Winkelmann RK. The erogenous zones: their nerve supply and its significance. Proceedings of the Staff Meetings of The Mayo Clinic 1959;34(2):39-47.
   
• Bourlond A, Winkelmann RK. L’innervation du prépuce chez le nouveau-né. Archives Belges de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie 1965;21(2):139-153.
   
• de Girolamo A, Cecio A. Contributo alla conoscenza dell’innervazione sensitiva del prepuzio nell’uomo. Bollettino della Società Italiana de Biologia Sperimantale 1968;44(18):1521-1522.
   
• Lakshmanan S, Prakash S. Human prepuce – some aspects of structure and function. Indian Journal of Surgery 1980;42:134-137.
   
• Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ. The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision. British Journal of Urology 1996;77:291-295.
   

B. Développement normal du prépuce

• Gairdner D. Fate of the foreskin. British Medical Journal 1949;2:1433-1437.
   
• Øster J. Further fate of the forskin: incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1968;43(228):200-203.
   
• Osborn LM, Metcalf TJ, Mariani EM. Hygienic care in uncircumcised infants. Pediatrics 1981;67(3):365-367. (Speaks to issue of misconceptions among practitioners.)
   
• Catzel P. The normal foreskin in the young child. SA Mediese Tydskrif 1982;62:751.
   
• Tan HL. Foreskin fallacies and phimosis. Annals Academy of Medicine 1985;14(4):626-630.
   
• Rickwood AMK, Walker J. Is phimosis overdiagnosed in boys and are too many circumcisions performed in consequence? Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 1989;71(5):275-277.
   
• Griffiths D, Frank JD. Inappropriate circumcision referrals by GPs. J R Soc Med 1992;85:324-325.
   
• Gordon A, Collin J. Save the normal foreskin: widespread confusion over what the medical indications for circumcision are. (Letter) British Medical Journal 1993;306:1-2.
   
• Williams N, Chell J, Kapila L. Why are children referred for circumcision? British Medical Journal 1993;306:28.
   
• Wright JE. Further to “the further fate of the foreskin”: update on the natural history of the foreskin. The Medical Journal of Australia 1994;160:134-135.
   
• Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajima S, Fujiwara Y, Kato T, Kato T. Analysis of shape and retractability of the prepuce in 603 Japanese boys. Journal of Urology 1996;156:1813-1815.

C.1. Phimosis: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

• Lang K. Eine konservative Therapie der Phimose [Conservative treatment of phimosis]. Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde 1986;134(22):824-825.
   
• He Y, Zhou XHS. Balloon dilation treatment of phimosis in boys: report of 512 cases. Chin Med J Engl 1991;104:491-493.
   
• Müller I, Müller H. Eine neue konservative Therapie der Phimose [A new conservative treatment for phimosis]. Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde 1993;141(7):607-608. (Translation available: Frederick Hodges, Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.)
   
• Jørgensen ET, Svensson Å. The treatment of phimosis in boys, with a potent topical steroid (clobetasol Propionate 0,05%) Cream. Acta Dermato-Venereologica (Stockholm) 1993; 73(1):55-56.
   
• Kikiros CS, Beasley SW, Woodward AA. The response of phimosis to local steroid application. Pediatric Surgery International (Berlin)1993;8(4):329-332.
   
• Wright JE. The treatment of childhood phimosis with topical steroid. Aust NZ J Surg 1994;64:327-328.
   
• Jørgensen ET, Svensson Å. Phimosis hos pojkar kan behandlas med steroid salva [Phimosis in boys can be treated by a steroid ointment.] (Letter) Lakartidningen 1994;91: 1291.
   
• Golubovic Z, Milanovic D, Vukadinovic V, Rakic I, Perovic S. The conservative treatment of phimosis in boys. British Journal of Urology 1996;78:786-788.
   
• Dewan PA, Tieu HC, Chieng BS. Phimosis: Is circumcision necessary? J Paediatr and Child Health 32 1996:285-289.
   
• Lindhagen T. Topical clobetasol propionate compared with placebo in the treatment of unretractable foreskin. European Journal of Surgery 1996;162(6):969-972.
   
• Atilla MK, Dündaröz R, Odabas O, Öztürk H, Akin R, Gökçay ES. A nonsurgical approach to the treatment of phimosis: local nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ointment application. Journal of Urology 1997;158:196-197.
   

C.2. Phimosis: traitements conservateurs chirurgicaux (non excisionnels)

• Diaz A, Kantor HI. Dorsal slit: a circumcision alternative. Obstet Gynecol 1971;37:619-622.
   
• Parkash S. Phimosis and its plastic correction. J Indian Med Assoc 1972;58:389-390.
   
• Holmland DE. Dorsal incision of the prepuce and skin closure with Dexon in patients with phimosis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1973;7:97-99.
   
• Emmett AJ. Four V-flap repair of preputial stenosis (phimosis). Plast Reconstr Surg 1975;55:687-689.
   
• Gil Barbosa M, Aguilera Gonzalez C, Alipaz A, Garcia Sanchez JL. La balanolisis como sustituto de la circuncisión. [Balanolysis as a substitute for circumcision] Salud Publica Mex 1976;18:893-899.
   
• Ohjimi T. Ohjimi H. Special surgical techniques for relief of phimosis. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1981;7:326-330.
   
• Emmett AJ. Z-plasty recontruction for preputial stenosis: a surgical alternative to circumcision. Aust Paediatr J 1982;18:219-220.
   
• Hoffman S, Metz P, Ebbehøj J. A new operation for phimosis: prepuce-saving technique with multiple Y-V-plasties. British Journal of Urology 1984;56:319-321.
   
• Moro G, Gesmundo R, Bevilacqua A, Maiullari E, Gandini R. La circoncisione con postoplatica. Nota di tecnica operatoria. [Circumcision with preputioplasty. Note on operative technique.] Minerva Chir 1988;43:893-894.
   
• Wahlin N. "Triple incision plasty": a convenient procedure for preputial relief. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1992;26:107-110.
   
• de Castella H. Prepuceplasty: an alternative to circumcision. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1994; 76:257-258.
   
• Cuckow PM, Rix G, Mouriquand PDE. Preputial plasty: a good alternative to circumcision. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1994;29(4):561-563.
   
• Leal MJ, Mendes J. A circuncisão ritual e correccão plastica da fimose. [Ritual circumcision and the plastic repair of phimosis.] Acta Med Port 1994;7:475-481.
   
• Ohjimi H, Ogata K, Ohjimi T. A new method for the relief of adult phimosis. Journal of Urology 1995;153:1607-1609.
   

D. Paraphimosis: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

• Skoglund Jr., RW, Chapman, WH. Reduction of paraphimosis. Journal of Urology 1970;104(1):137.
   
• Houghton GR. The ‘iced-glove’ method of treatment of paraphimosis. British Journal of Surgery 1973;60(11):876-877.
   
• Hofstetter A. Urologische Notfälle in der Allgemeinpraxis: Folge 9: Blasentamponade, Priapismus, Paraphimose. Fortschritte der Medizin 1982;100(39):1805.
   
• DeVries C. Reduction of paraphimosis with hyaluronidase. Urology 1996;48:464-465.
   

E. Séparation des «adhérences» préputiales; étirements du prépuce

À noter: Il est maintenant accepté que les «adhérences» préputiales sont normales, et que de le bris forcé de ces adhérences physiologiques constitue une manipulation contre-indiquée et potentiellement nuisible. À l'exception de l'article de Beaugé (qui traite de l'étirement en douceur d'un prépuce serré d'un adolescent par lui-même), les articles dans cette catégorie sont présentés afin simplement d'indiquer l'évolution des recommandations de plus en plus vers les options non chirurgicales.

• Cooper GG, Thomson GJ, Raine PA. Therapeutic retraction of the foreskin in childhood. Brit Med J Clin Res Ed 1983;286:186-187.
   
• Griffiths DM, Freeman NV. Non-surgical separation of preputial adhesions. The Lancet 1984;8398(2):344.
   
• MacKinlay GA. Save the prepuce: painless separation of preputial adhesions in the outpatient clinic. British Medical Journal 1988;297:590-591.
   
• Beaugé M. Traitement médical du phimosis congénital de l’adolescent [Conservative treatment of primary phimosis in adolescents]. Saint-Antoine University. Paris VI. 1990-1991.
   
• Lim A, Saw Y, Wake PN, Croton RS. Use of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics in the release of preputial adhesions: is it a worthwhile alternative? British Journal of Urology 1994;73:428-430.
   

F. Balanite: traitements conservateurs non chirurgicaux

• Birley HDL, Walker MM, Luzzi GA, Bell R, Taylor-Robinson D, Byrne M, Renton AM. Clinical features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing. Genitourinary Medicine 1993; 69:400-403.
   

G. BXO, balanitis xerotica obliterans (également connu sous les noms de:
-lichen sclerosus
-lichen sclerosus et atrophicus et
-sclerosus lichen atrophicus)

• Meyrick Thomas RH, Ridley CM, Black MM. Clinical features and therapy of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus affecting males. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:126-128.
   
• Fortier-Beaulieu M, Thomine E, Mitrofanof P, Laurent P, Heinet J. Lichen scléro-atrophique préputial de l’enfant. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1990;37:673-676.
   
• Meuli M et al. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus causing phimosis in boys: a prospective study with 5-year followup after complete circumcision. Journal of Urology 1994;152(3):987-989.
   

InfoCirc ¦ Dernière modification: 15 août, 2004 ¦